ÐÏࡱá>þÿ ceþÿÿÿbÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á9 øR¿�bjbjýÏýÏ2"Ÿ¥Ÿ¥� ÿÿÿÿÿÿl((((( 4 (�*LL˜˜˜˜˜˜˜$¹ Ùf4˜˜˜˜˜4˜˜˜I˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜v˜˜@ ÐvW¸Ç((˜_0�?˜?˜((ÙResearch Interests Our research group is involved in natural products total synthesis, synthetic methods development, and the design and application of new transition metal catalyzed reactions.  The details of some ongoing research research projects are given below. Please see our  HYPERLINK "http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mcintosh/pubs.html" publications page for details of this work. Synthetic Approaches to the Eunicellin Diterpenes The eunicellin diterpenes are a large family of biologically active natural products which have in common a bicyclo[8.4.0]tetradecane ring system, but which differ in stereochemistry and in the degree and pattern of oxidation.  Eleutherobin, for example, has been found to have potent anti-cancer activity against a variety of tumor cell lines.  It stabilizes microtubules and thus suppresses cell division, a mechanism of action it shares with taxol.  Sclerophytin-A exhibits cytotoxicity at 1 ng/ml in the L1210 leukemia cell line. Astrogorgin inhibits cell division in fertilized starfish eggs.  Other eunicellin diterpenes such as massileunicellin-I have not been assayed for biological activity.  We have embarked on a long term study directed toward the synthesis of several members of the eunicellin diterpene family. The goal is to develop strategies and methods that will result in general and flexible approaches to these targets as well as to simplified analogs. We are exploring two general approaches to the eunicellin diterpenes: the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement and the cycloaldol reaction.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mcintosh/scheme1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  For eunicellin diterpenes possessing carbinol stereocenters at C7 and/or C8, the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement enables the relay of stereochemistry between the C14 isopropyl group and C7 / C8. Model studies using (R)-carvone derived esters established the feasibility of this approach.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mcintosh/scheme2.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Most of the eunicellin diterpenes possess a hydroisobenzofuran core with a bridging oxonane ring at C2 and C9. We have found that a novel cycloaldol reaction enables the rapid assembly of the isobenzofuran bicycle with excellent diastereoselectivity. An initial intermolecular aldol reaction between (S)-carvone and methacrolein establishes the desired stereochemistry at C1, C2 and C14. Etherification and cycloaldolization affords the isobenzofuran. The C9 stereocenter is formed with complete diastereoselectivity. Thus four of the stereocenters present in the natural products can be installed in only 3 steps from (S)-carvone. We are employing the cycloaldol reaction in the synthesis of the highly oxidized massileunicellins as well as simplified bicyclic analogs for use in high throughput synthesis.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mcintosh/scheme3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  `amnŽ�À±²� �    v y z ˜ ™ š ù ú û ü ý %()ˆ‰Š‹�ïæÛÌÛÌ¿ÌÛ±Û±ÛÛ¬¬Û¬¬§¬Û¬¬¢¬ jnNU jèU jU5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ0JCJOJQJ^JaJjCJOJQJU^JaJCJOJQJ^JaJCJKHOJQJ5�B* CJ0OJQJ\�aJ0ph)&� z ™ ý &Œ�ù÷õð÷ð÷ðõ$a$$1$a$ �ý01�82P°‚. °ÆA!°"°#� $� %°°S°à �©èDd�Ñ(𸲠ð S ð”AÁtÿ�Ãhttp://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mcintosh/scheme1.gifð€bðÜÃqÈ´F:Ø“œç*áìÿ¸Dinð°ÃqÈ´F:Ø“œç*áìÿ‰PNG  IHDR£ 'tRNSæ,ЩbKGD:2>£ cmPPJCmp0712Om·¥2IDATxÚí� ”Ź€Wß�æœxrsϽF#‚ëÍbØ0^ADNNBdU`“`x(:$ ŒBlÀ`6±½‚€£ zÕŒÀ"Ж]^ŠI ÑøhÀ…E%ö,;;¯~ü·ªß==3»3]ãìäìv»kjª«ê뿪¦»^tMäålC–[¢U] ØôÔ¯Ê�WÒH ƒ)wfÉ"ÉÕ�ö—;³d‘D?H¾rg–,’Ò’�rg–,Œ†“l¹3KéýºQåÎ+i$ø¨ÜY%�fË�WâH>ºÜy%ŽD¿Rî¼’GÚZî¼G l)w^‰#ùö”;¯Ä‘ï”;¯Ä‘èãåÎ+q¤ÙS —r[¹sMé }4¢¹Äë›ÿîr�tün€eQë�¦ÿ±w—¡¤�yHÍÀ0cÑ!]Ç·Þ–¬•œÌp_òå¦é*RÇ Ã„ ª«%éÇïB`ÓU©h˜ ‡Kÿà§Âhˆ–›¨+H‹ AëÎ9° ܥŒÐÛû(xžƒ8¯}yRõµ•�t!(”îLO‚£“4§8^€ p”ENVóÁU­B´D©š4¿FNeÚB«öi  Bÿ× ¿ÞìþH}@îk~`,‰IÞ¥¹® Gá ?r¼ØÆH·Gš‰@Ö/ëŽQTT~¶AœF/� w{¤}X*dý‚1£à‚¿íqÀÍÃÒHwB’²†Yž#�´á¨=ù*>mç ¦Áß��bÙ‚d 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